艾滋病病毒母乳传播的研究进展

Progress in study on HIV mother-to-child transmission through breastfeeding

艾滋病病毒母乳传播是艾滋病病毒母婴传播的一种方式，其传播率为5％～20％，占艾滋病病毒母婴传播的1／3～1／2。婴儿摄入艾滋病病毒感染母亲的母乳后，其消化道粘膜是最可能发生艾滋病病毒母乳传播的部位。艾滋病病毒母乳传播可能发生在哺乳期的任何时间，但目前研究还不能确定母乳喂养持续时间与艾滋病病毒传播时间之间的精确关系。影响艾滋病病毒母乳传播的因素主要包括母亲和婴儿这两方面的因素，因此预防艾滋病病毒母乳传播也应从这两个方面着手，主要包括预防育龄妇女艾滋病病毒感染、艾滋病病毒感染母亲和／或婴儿预防性抗病毒治疗，以及其它与婴儿喂养行为相关措施。

Transmission of HIV through breastfeeding is a form of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and the transmission rate varies from 5% to 20%, accounting for one third to one half of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. After ingestion of breast milk of HIV- infected mother, gut mucosal surfaces of the infant are the most likely site where the mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurs. Transmission of HIV through breastfeeding can take place at any time during lactation, but there is insufficient information available to estimate the exact association between duration of breastfeeding and the timing of transmission. Factors associated with transmission of HIV through breasffeeding mainly include maternal factors and infantile factors, therefore, measures to prevent HIV transmission through breastfeeding should involve prevention of HIV infection among women of childbearing age, HIV-infected mothers and / or infant receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis, and other measures associated with infantile feeding behaviors.