国际法视野中的赦免理论之争

Controversy over the Theories about Amnesty from the Perspective of International Law

一个国家新的民主政权往往赦免前政权成员犯下的严重罪行,这与国际法上追究个人刑事责任的要求相抵牾,从而引发赦免的国际合法性争议。认为赦免符合国际法的学说有过渡正义说和修复正义说,认为赦免违反国际法的有人权不可侵犯说、追诉义务说、国际法与国内法关系说、类似法律原则分析说等学说。这些学说各具特色,并不能切实解决赦免的国际合法性问题,应当探索国家赦免与国际刑事法院追诉之间协调的路径,从而解决赦免的国际合法性问题。

There is a heated controversy over the legitimacy of amnesty in international law. According to the theories of transitional justice and restorative, justice, amnesty is in accordance with international law, while according to such theories as inviolability of human rights, recourse obligations, and relationship between international law and domestic law, it violated the international law. It is necessary to explore the path of coordination between national amnesty and international criminal prosecution so as to solve the problems of international legitimacy of amnesty.