甘肃旅游资源类型及其空间结构研究

CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM RESOURCES AND THEIR SPATIAL STRUCTURE IN GANSU PROVINCE

对旅游资源类型及其地域组合、空间结构规律的研究是进行旅游资源开发利用和旅游规划的基础。在分析甘肃旅游资源形成的自然和社会历史文化因素的基础上,利用统计(SPSS)和地信软件(GIS),对甘肃旅游资源类型的地域组合和空间结构进行了定量的分析。首先对甘肃旅游资源以县域为单位,结合甘肃旅游资源特点,参照郭来喜等新拟的旅游资源分类系统,选取23个景型指标,依据其在景区的重要程度分别赋属性值,经专家打分,最后得出各单位景区的各景型指标的属性值。在此基础上把景区的各个景型要素视为多维空间的数轴,由属性值构成指标空间,每个景区都是一个向量,在多维空间中有一个数据点,依据"点"与"点"间的距离进行系统聚类,将全省旅游资源分为5个聚类;然后依据旅游规划的最大福利原则,进行旅游景点的空间聚类分区,将甘肃旅游资源分为7个区,然后将上述聚类和空间聚类在地图上进行叠加,研究其空间组合规律,得出甘肃旅游资源的类型空间组合特点;最后对甘肃旅游资源集中性进行探讨,得出甘肃旅游资源有沿交通线和河流的线状集中、依据中心地级别的等级集中、依据某个中心节点的节点集中和大的区域集中特征。

The research on tourism resource classification, its spatial combination and structure is the base of tourism exploiting and planning. Statistical analysis and GIS method are used to study the spatial structure of tourism resources quantitatively in Gansu Province. The resources include natural,historical and cultural factors. Considering the characteristics of tourism resources in Gansu and consulting the Tourism Resources Classificition System and Types Evaluation by Guo Laixi, the authors chose and evaluated 23 tourism type indexes according to the degree of importance in regional tourism. The value of each tourism type index in every tourism destination also was given by the specialist. The value of every distination is one,and only one, counterpoint vector of the multi-dimensional space,and the distance of these points is the criterion for cluster. By cluster analysis, the tourism resources in Gansu Province are divided into five classifications： the region dominated by natural scenery; the region dominated by cultural relics and historic sites; the compositive regions; the region dominated by conservations and others lacking tourism resources. Then, according to the Maximum Welfare Principle and spatial distance,the tourism destinations in Gansu were divided into seven regions by spatial cluster analysis. Whereafter, by superposing the results of clustering analysis on the map ofpatial clustering analysis, the typological-spatial combination characteristics in Gansu tourism resources were concluded：Dunhuang-Anxi region is the one of simplex tourism resources; Jayuguan-Jiuquan region is dominated by cultural relics,historic sites and folk-custom tourism resources;in Zhangye-Wuwei region, Lanzhou region, Linxia-Ganna region, Tianshui-Longnan region and Pingliang-Qingyang region, the types of tourism resources are quite diverse, there are not only natural scenery but also cultural scenery and in some regions tourism resources are composed of folk-custom; cultural relics and historic sites. Finally,the paper revealed that there are three tourism axes and six tourism centers in the basic spatial structure of Gansu tourism resources. These axes and central tourism destinations are the centres of economic system in Gansu Province,so these tourism resources are combined with these centres and they are the advantage resources to be exploited.