开封市产业空心化的历史考察

THE HISTORICAL INVESTIGATION OF INDUSTRY HOLLOWING OUT EFFECT OF KAIFENG CITY

无论发达国家或是发展中国家,都会面临着产业空心化问题。通过对开封市经济数据的分析及实地调研,发现开封市的产业空心化属于高制造业现象:经济地位明显下降,固定资产日渐减少,工业发展缓慢且结构不尽合理,第三产业比重低且结构失衡。指出开封市产业空心化具有欠发达区的共性特征—贫困恶性循环积累性,同时也是其特定的区位条件所引致的。最后提出开封市产业空心化的防治措施:以增强技术创新为核心,进行体制机制、科研体制、教育制度创新及人才的激励机制等;以需求结构变化为导内,调整、优化产业结构,加强财政、金融改革及基础设施的支持力度;加速完善硬件设施,改变市区的对外联系等。

It＇s common for either the developed countries or the developing countries to be confronted with industrial hollowing out effect. From the focusing area, the international research concentrates on two aspects： Japan＇s industrial hollow and the other developed country＇s one. In China, most researches focus on the following： （1） The rise of China as an economic powerhouse has caused concerns in its neighbors. The prevailing in the region is the fear that China is becoming a gigantic ＂regional factory＂ that will ＂hollow out＂ neighboring economies＇ industries. Some results show that there are good reasons to believe that a further developed China with greater market openness will become an increasingly powerful growth engine in the region; （2） Three Gorges reservoir area is one of the most concerned regions in China; （3） Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan; （4） The developed coastal regions, such as Wenzhou, Guangzhou and other coastal areas; （5） Northeast old industrial base is also one of the hotspots. From the studying hotspot of industry hollow, it mainly focuses on the occurrence, cause and prevention measure. However, most researches focus on the developed countries or developed areas which may not be applicable for the underdeveloped areas. In the process of the economic development, many cities in underdeveloped areas played an important role （such as Kaifeng）, the relative position of these cities has significantly declined after the estabhshment of New China. Based on the economic development background of Kaifeng, this paper is to explore the reasons of Kaifeng decline and control measures from perspective of industry hollow, and have discovered that the industrial hollowing out effect of Kaifeng belongs to the phenomenon of ＂away from manufacturing industry＂. The paper indicates that the industrial hollowing out effect of Kaifeng has the common character of the underdevelop areas that is the vicious circular and accumulate natures of poverty, which is partly induced by its given location condition. At last, some countermeasures are put forward to prevent from the industrial hollowing out effect of Kaifeng： （1） implementing innovation of system mechanism, scientific research system and educational system as well as the effective incentive mechanism of talent with boosting up technical innovation as main factors; （2） adjusting and optimizing industry structure as well as strengthening finance reform and sustainable degree to infrastructures guided by the change of demand structure; （3） accelerating perfect hard-infrastructures and improving the external contact of the city, ect..