微生物脂肪酶资源挖掘及其催化性能改良策略

Strategies for exploiting microbial lipase resource and improving lipase biocatalyst——A review

脂肪酶催化在食品、医药、化工、能源等领域发挥重要作用。开发新型微生物脂肪酶资源,对脂肪酶进行修饰改良,是脂肪酶催化领域的重要研发内容。极端微生物和不可培养微生物脂肪酶的发掘是获取新型工业催化剂的热点;体外定向进化、杂合酶、表面展示等蛋白质工程等分子生物学技术手段为开发特定性质"新酶"提供了有力工具;生物印迹、pH记忆、定向固定化、交联酶晶体、脂质体包埋等高效物理化学修饰方法拓宽了脂肪酶原有的催化性质。微生物脂肪酶资源挖掘及其改良将推动脂肪酶的生物催化产业快速发展。

Lipase plays a very important role in food, pharmaceutical, fine chemical and bio-energy industries. Obtaining microbial lipase resource and improving their biocatalyst are important. Based on protein engineering and molecular techniques, directed evolution, hybrid enzyme, surface display give effective approaches to obtain novel lipase biocatalysts. By physical and chemical modification approaches such as bio-imprinting, pH memory, oriented immobilization, cross-linked enzyme crystal and lipid-coated enzyme, more broad and suitable characteristics of modified lipases are achieved. In conclusion, strategies for exploitation of microbial lipase resource and improvement of lipase biocatalyst will accelerate industrial application of lipase.