机械式自动垂直钻井工具的研制

Development of mechanical tool for automatic vertical drilling

为了有效地提高直井的钻井速度和质量,根据现有技术研制了机械式自动垂直钻井工具。这种钻具能适时感应井斜的重力信号,并由重力驱动执行机构,利用钻井液循环在钻柱内外形成的压差,在钻柱旋转的情况下推动活塞靠向高边井壁,对钻头施加指向井眼低边的周期性侧向力,在钻进过程中实现对井斜的适时修正。现场试验结果表明,机械式自动垂直钻井工具的工作原理正确,结构可靠,能够在主动、适时防斜的同时,有效地释放钻压,提高钻速。该工具的研制成功为直井的防斜打快工艺提供了一种新的技术手段,具有广阔的应用前景。

In order to effectively improve the penetration rate and quality in vertical drilling, a mechanical tool for automatic vertical drilling was developed by using the current technologies. The mechanical tool can timely respond to the gravity signal of drilling tool while well deviation happens. The actuator can be driven by the gravity of drilling tool and push the piston towards the borehole wall on the higher side under the created pressure difference inside and outside the rotating drill string resulted from the circulation of drilling fluid. The periodic lateral force was acted on the lower side of the borehole in the drilling bit. The deviation of well bore can be timely modified during drilling. Field test results show that the mechanical tool for automatic vertical drilling has the appropriate operating principle, reliable structure and well deviation resistance and also can simultaneously release the drilling pressure and effectively improve the drilling rate. This drilling tool presents an extensive prospect in field application.