不同水生植物对滇池入湖河道污水净化效能的比较

Purification efficiency of several macrophytes on polluted inflow river of Dianchi Lake

有关水生植物净化污水的研究已有广泛报道,但现有成果多来源于静态的室内研究,所用植物多为生活型接近的物种。为了比较不同生活型植物对河道污水的原位净化效果差异,构建了由水芹菜(Oenanthe javanica)、马尾草(Equisetum flu-viatile)、伊乐藻(Elodea Canadensis Michx.)和狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum L.)等4种不同生活型水生植物组成的水生植物塘系统,研究塘中不同植物对滇池入湖河道污水中氮、磷等指标去除效能的差异。结果表明:4种植物都具有一定的抗水力冲击负荷能力,能适应河道污水水质和水量均不稳定的动态变化特征,并对污水中CODCr、NH3-N、NO3-N、TN和TP等指标均有去除作用;但各种植物对不同指标的去除能力有较大差异,其中浮水植物水芹菜和沉水植物狐尾藻综合净化效能较强。整个植物塘系统对CODCr的去除率最高,达到41.4%;而对NO3-N的去除率最低,只有5.7%。研究成果对滇池入湖河流及其它类似污染水体的生态治理具有示范作用。

Although there were massive researches on sewage purification of macrophytes, most of which focused on single life form plants and conducted in a lentic chamber condition. To compare the difference of purification capability by various life form macrophytes, Oenanthe javanica, Equisetum fluviatile, Elodea Canadensis Michx. and Myriophyllum verticillatum L. were chosen to bulit a hydrophyte complex pond to purify sewage from Daqinghe, one main inflow river of Dianchi lake. The results showed that all the four macrophytes had abilities to resist hydraulic impact loading, and were adapted to the dynamic instability of quality and quantity of inflow water. All the plants could decontaminate CODcr, NH3-N, NO3-N, TN and TP in the sewage with different efficiency, in which Oenanthejavanica and Myriophyllum verticillatum L. had the best comprehensive purification ability. As an integrated system the pond had the best removal efficiency on CODcr with the efficiency of 41.4%, while the efficiency on NO3-N was the lowest （only 5.7%）. Our research gave a successful demonstration of ecological treatment to other inflow rivers of Dianchi Lake and other similar polluted waters in China.