地形对中国气温季节分布格局的差异影响

Different Landform Effects on Seasonal Temperature Patterns in China

利用中国气象中心160台站的长期观测资料,分析发现中国气温的空间分布格局的存在着巨大的季节差异:在冬季,等温线基本上与纬线平行;在夏季,等温线形成一个个闭合高温或低温中心。同时,这些高温中心都是以负地形地区为中心分布,而低温分布是以正地形地区为中心。可见,我国冬夏季节的气温分布格局是由不同的控制机制决定的:冬季气温分布格局主要由纬度控制,夏季气温分布格局主要由地形控制。

A half-century observed temperature data of 160 stations are systematically analyzed, and it is found that there is much difference in spatial temperature distribution patterns in various seasons： the isotherms are paralleled with the wool in winter, but they are circles of high or low temperature centers in summer. Also, the high temperature centers are all low landforms （basins） while the low temperature centers are all high altitude areas. It is probably that there are different temperature distribution patterns in different seasons： latitude pattern in winter and landform pattern in summer.