上海市公园植被景观格局

The analysis of landscape pattern of vegetations in 5 parks in Shanghai

在GIS技术支持下,应用景观生态学方法,选取植被景观构成、斑块密度、边缘密度、聚集度指数、蔓延度、Shannon多样性指数、景观连接度指数等景观格局分析指标,从植物群落角度对上海市建成区范围内的5个公园进行植被景观格局分析。结果表明:(1)在所调查的五个公园中,植被基本以常绿阔叶林为主,其次是落叶阔叶林,存在物种多样性较低、群落结构简单的问题;(2)研究区内的景观主要受到少数几种植被类型控制,且优势斑块空间分布较为集中,不同植被类型连续性较好,在功能和生态过程上联系紧密;同一类型的植被邻近程度较高,除优势斑块外,其他景观类型分布较为均匀,空间异质性程度较大,物种的空间配置比较多样化;(3)有些公园因为存在大面积的人工建筑使得相同类型的植被在空间上被分割,从而出现破碎化程度较高、景观边缘密度较大、蔓延度较低等的问题。

Based on GIS technique, the thesis of this paper select landscape indices including PLAND, PD, ED, CONTAG, AI, SHDI, SHEI and COHESION to analyze the landscape of the vegetations in 5 parks in Shanghai on the perspective of plant community. The results can be divided into 3 parts： （1） Evergreen broadleaved forest is the main plant community of 5 parks, followed by deciduous broadleaved forest. The lack of species diversity as well as the simplicity of the vegetation community should be given enough concerns. （2） As for the spatial distribution of the plants, all these 5 parks are dominated by several vegetation types gathered together. Different vegetation types connect with each other closely both in function and ecological processes. The same plant community allocated adjacently and evenly in space with those dominant patches as an exception. Spatial heterogeneity in these parks is self-evident as well as the diversity of plants distribution. （3） In some parks, same patches are segmented by large buildings which results in fragmentation, high ED and low CONTAG.