云南稻核心种质F2主要形态性状变异及地理生态研究

Analysis of the morphological characters diversity and ecogeographic of the hybrids F_2 of core collection of rice landrace in Yunnan

种质资源是水稻育种的重要基因来源。掌握育种材料遗传背景信息,可为发掘优异种质,选育优良性状新品种提供依据。以548份云南稻核心种质和云南主栽籼稻品种滇屯502(Oryza satica)、粳稻品种合系35(Oryza satica)配制的杂种F2(498份)为材料,采用群体遗传学的方法,研究云南稻核心种质杂种F2代的11个形态性状的综合变异系数、遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)及其地理分布。结果表明:(1)F2存在明显的性状分化和遗传变异,以有效穗、穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、秕粒数、总粒数和结实率的综合变异系数高,遗传多样性丰富;(2)滇西南(临沧、思茅、德宏、西双版纳)和滇东南(文山、红河)的材料在表型性状上存在更大的分化,综合变异系数高、遗传多样性丰富;保山、昭通、曲靖次之;怒江、丽江、迪庆、大理最低。

The idioplasm resources are important gene origin for rice breeding. The grasping breeding material heredity background information, may for the excavating outstanding idioplasm, the selective breeding fine character new variety provide the basis. Materials are taken by 548 Yunnan rice core idioplasm and the Yunnan host to store 502 （Oryza satica）, the Japonica rice variety gathers is hybrid F2 which 35 （Oryza satica） compounds （498） as a material, uses the population genetics the method, studies the Yunnan rice core idioplasm hybrid F2 generation of 11 morphological character the comprehensive coefficient of variation, the heredity multiple indices （the Shannon index） and the geographic distribution. The result indicated： （1） F2 has the obvious character differentiation and the genetic variation, by effective ear, peduncle lenght, node length under spike, filled grain no. per panicle, unfilled grain, grains per panicle and seed setting rate comprehensive coefficient of variation is high, the genetic diversity is rich; （2） Southwest Yunnan （Lincang, Simao, Dehong, Xishuangbanna） with Yunnan southeast （Wenshan, Honghe） the material in the phenotype character has a bigger differentiation, the comprehensive coefficient of variation high, the heredity multiplicity is rich; Baoshan, Zhaotong, Qujing are next; Nujiang, Lijiang, Diqing, Dali are lowest.