责任的二重性及责任意识的培养——基于心理学的视野

On the Duality of Responsibility and the Cultivation Of the Sense of Responsibility——From the perspective of psychology

责任就是做好分内应做之事,既包括职务客观要求的"应做之事",也包括个体主观认同的"分内之事",体现出客观与主观二重性。这一特性决定了责任意识包含对应做之事进行客观认识的"责任认知"与对分内之事进行主观认同的"责任情感"二个方面。培养责任认知可以按照传统的教育方法,但责任情感的培养却需另辟蹊径。该文基于心理学的研究成果,从责任分散效应、责任归因理论与角色扮演理论等出发提出了培养责任意识的几条途径。

Responsibility is to do what you should do, which includes not only objectively what your job require you to do, but also subjectively what the individual thinks is his duty. This character determines that responsibility includes two aspects： The responsibility cognition to know objectively what he should do and the responsibility emotion to subjectively recognize what is his duty. The cultivation of responsibility cognition can follow the traditional educating method, but the training of responsibility emotion should have other ways. This paper, based on the study of psychology, proposes several ways to cultivate the sense of responsibility from the perspective of decentralized responsibility effect, attribution theory of responsibility and the theory of role - playing.