1631-1911年黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土地利用及其对水土流失的影响——以米脂县东沟河流域为例

The Land Utilization and Soil and Water Losses in the Gully Region of the Loess Plateau in Recent 300 Years——A case of Dong gou River in Mi-zhi County

历史时期,人类通过土地利用的方式对黄土高原施加影响,直接或间接地参与地貌演变与土壤侵蚀的方式与过程,以致带来不同程度的水土流失。同时,水土流失又限制了人类对土地有限资源的有效利用,增加了环境的压力,造成生态环境的进一步破坏。清代米脂县东沟河"水冲"现象是在当地居民长期从事土地利用所引发的一种自然现象,伴随着当地居民对土地利用强度的增强,"水冲"现象出现的频率加强,同时,当地居民出于保护农田、维护城池的目的,对东沟河进行不断的整饬。在此过程中,其修建时间、维修动机以及施工力度都处于逐渐加强的趋势,甚至咸丰年间的连续两次修渠行为被视为重大转折时期。这一明显的变化在某种程度上反映了黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用过程中"生态恶化-水土流失-土地不合理利用-水土流失加剧-生态恶化加剧"的实质。

In history, human attached themselves to the evolutionary process of the landform and soil erosion during historical period in loess plateau by the land utilization. Their behaviors brought soil and water losses. Meanwhile, soil and water losses also limited the process of the land utilization. In Qing dynasty, human＇s land utilizations brought soil and water losses in the Dong gou River basin of Mi - zhi County. People fortified the Dong - gou river to protect farms and ramparts. In the process, the trend of this change became multiple severe challenges. And the degradation of ecological environment was faced. Lastly, the degradation reflected a essence, namely, ecological deterioration - soil and water losses - illegal land utilization - soil and water losses - ecological environmental crisis.