基于耕地生态压力指数的中国耕地压力时空差异分析

Temporal-spatial Analysis of Cultivated Land Pressure in China Based on the Ecological Tension Indexes of Cultivated Land

根据生态足迹的基本原理和计算方法，利用耕地生态压力指数对中国1995～2005年的耕地压力进行测算。结果表明：1）近11年的中国耕地生态压力指数比较大，并处于上升趋势，其主要原因是我国耕地面积持续大量的减少和人口快速的增加；2）耕地压力省际差异比较大，东南和西南地区的耕地压力明显高于中部和北部地区；3）直辖市和东南部地区耕地生态压力指数等级增高，北部、西北和中部的大部分地区指数等级无变化，仅中部和东北部的少数地区指数等级变小，但并不明显。基于我国耕地压力现状，为缓解我国的耕地压力提出相应的建议。

Based on the ecological footprint theory and method, the cultivated land pressure in China from 1995 to 2005 was measured by the ecological tension index＇of cultivated land. The results showed ： （1）Because the area of cultivated land had been decreasing greatly and the population had been growing fast, the ecological tension index of cultivated land in the past 11 years in China was greater and in rising tendency. （2）The difference of cultivated land pressure among provinces was great and the cultivated land pressures in southeast and southwest regions were greater remarkably than in northern and central regions. （3）The grades of cultivated land ecological tension index in municipalities and southeast regions were going up; It was no variance in northern, northwest and most of central regions ; It was down in central and few of northeast regions but was unnoticeable. According to the present situation, some suggestions were proposed in order to reduce the cultivated land pressure in China.