试论清初人地关系政策的演变与调整--以黄土高原为例

Preliminary study of the relationship between population and land in the early Qing Dynasty:take the loess plateau for an example

目的以黄土高原为例,探讨清初顺治时期人地政策的变化调整以及对黄土高原的影响,为现代人地关系的改善提供借鉴。方法历史文献考证与分析。结果清初顺治时期的人地政策是逐步趋于完善的,在这一过程中,由于黄土高原自然环境的脆弱性以及战乱、灾荒的相互叠加,使政策的时效性并不明显,而局限性却表露无遗,并制约着区域人地关系的发展。结论招民垦荒是清初的基本国策,也是顺治时期人地关系政策的实质内容,但由于缺乏强有力的监管机制,加之政策本身的缺陷,致使在具体实施过程中,在各种错综复杂的矛盾中,其调控功能大大弱化,并形成利弊皆有、得失共存的显著特征。

Aim Take the Loess Plateau for an example to explore the influence ot the pohcy change about population and land in Shunzhi age of Qing dynasty, and offer an referential experience for present time. Methods Analysis and investigate the historical documents. Results The policy of population and land in Shunzhi age of Qing dynasty was gradually amplified and improved in this period, because of the interaction of the vulnerability of the natural environment the war and disasters in this time, the policy was Unnoticeable, but it＇s limitations was obvious, and restrict the regional aggregate development. Conclusion Recuiting civilian worker and reclaiming land is a fundamental principle, and was an essential content meantime, but because of lacking of effective surveillance and the defect of the policy itself, lead to the policy out-of-run. It＇s had advantages and disadvantages at the same time.