水、磷对冬小麦旗叶特性的影响

Effect of Flag Leaves of Winter Wheat on Characteristic under Different Irrigation and Phosphorus Treatments

研究不同灌水和施磷量对冬小麦旗叶特性的影响。采用大田试验,随机区组设计,设置灌水3个水平为WO(不灌水)、W2(拔节水+灌浆水,每次灌水75mm)、W3(拔节水+开花水+灌浆水,每次灌水50mm)、W4(拔节水+开花水+灌浆水,每次灌水75mm);3个磷肥水平为P0(不施磷肥)、P1(90kg/hm2)、P2(180kg/hm2)。研究在不同灌水和施磷量下冬小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、荧光动力学参数、硝酸还原酶活性变化趋势。旗叶叶绿素含量在W3与W4处理间差异较小,而与不灌水处理间的差异十分明显;P1、P2处理在开花后明显高于P0处理。不灌水处理(W0)与灌水处理(W4、W3、W2)间光合速率差异显著;P1、P2处理能在开花后16d内一直保持开花时的高光合水平,而P0处理在开花后一直在下降,在开花后8d下降就较为明显。随灌水增加,φPSⅡ整体上显著递增趋势,尤其在开花后8d以后有明显提高;P1、P2处理处理开花后16d内旗叶φPSⅡ都能保持较高水平,且显著大于P0处理,但在16d后下降迅速,与P0差异不大。旗叶Fv/Fm在花后16d后,灌水处理间(W4、W3、W2)差异不显著,但不灌水(W0)保持较高水平;P1、P2处理在花后16d内旗叶Fv/Fm显著大于P0处理,并且花后16d后下降的程度比P0处理要小,尤其是灌水多的处理效果更明显。灌水和施磷都能有效的增加冬小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、提高光合速率、提高PSⅡ的潜在活性和PSⅡ的最大光化学效率、提高硝酸还原酶的活性。但在水磷互作下个处理变化趋势有所不同,各处理增效效果亦不同。

The purpose was to investigate the influence of flag leaves of winter wheat on characteristic under different irrigations and phosphorus. The irrigation treatments included ： W0 （no irrigation） ,W2 （jointing ＋ filling, 75mm at each）, W3 （jointing ＋ anthesising ＋ filling, 50mm at each ）, W4 （ jointing ＋ anthesising ＋ filling. 75 mm at each） ; there phosphorus levels：P 0（ no phosphorus） ,P1 （90kg/hm^2） ,P2 （180kg/hm^2）. The experiment was carried out to investigate the change law of content of chlorophyll, Pn, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, NR activity of flag leaves of winter wheat. The content of chlorophyll in flag leaves had no significant difference between treatment W3 and W4, but there was significant difference between irrigating treatment and no irrigating treatment; P1, P2 treatment had higher level than P0 treatment after anthesis. There was significant difference between irrigating treatment （W0） and no irrigating treatment （W4,W3 ,W2）in Pn;P1 ,P2 treatment could hold on high level in Pn during 16 days after anthesis, but P0 treatment had decline of Pn after athesis, espicially 8 days after ahesis. Irrigation treatment had increase of φPSⅡ after athesis, espicially 8 days after ahesis ; P1, P2 treatment had higher level than PO treatment during 16 days after anthesis. There was no significant difference between irrigating treatments in Fv/Fm and no irrigation had high level;There was significant difference between P1 ,P2 treatment and P0 treatment in Fv/Fm, and the declin of Fv/Fm of P1 ,P2 treatment was much more than P0 treatment,espicially irigation treatment had significant effect. Irrigation and phosphorus could increase the content of chlorophyll,Pn,NRactivity,φPSⅡ and Fv/ Fm of flag leaves of winter wheat. But the laws of these under different irrigation and phosphorus treatments was different, and every treatment had its own improve effect.