不同作物对土壤生物学特性的影响

The Influence of Different Crops on Soil Biological Characteristics

为了比较大田作物与蔬菜作物之间土壤生物学特性的差异,分析了茄子、番茄、辣椒、豇豆和玉米土壤呼吸及土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的动态变化。结果表明:几种作物土壤呼吸及土壤酶活性均表现出由低到高再到低的变化趋势,相对于几种蔬菜作物,玉米在整个测定期内土壤呼吸及土壤酶活性变化较平稳,多重比较结果显示,各作物间土壤呼吸释放的CO2量差异不显著,茄子、番茄土壤脲酶活性显著高于豇豆和玉米;番茄、辣椒、豇豆过氧化氢酶活性显著高于玉米,茄子的过氧化氢酶活性最低;茄子蔗糖酶活性显著高于其他几种作物,而各作物间土壤磷酸酶活性无显著差异。种植玉米或蔬菜作物对土壤呼吸CO2释放量无显著影响,而对土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶活性有显著影响。

To compare the difference of soil biological characteristics between field crops and vegetable crops, dynamic change of of soil respiration, soil urease, soil catalase, soil invertase and soil alkaline phosphtase activity of the eggplant （ Solanum melongena L. ）, tomato （ Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ）, pepper （ capsicum anmuum L. ） ,cowpea（ Vigrta urtgrticulata ssp. sesquipedalis cv. ） and maize（ Zea m ays L. ） was analyzed respectively. The result showed that soil respiration and soil enzymes activities of these crops exhibited changing trend of low- high-low. Compared with the vegetable crops, the fluctuation of soil respiration and soil enzymes activities were more stable during maize whole growth period. Duncan＇ s multiple test result showed the difference of the soil respiration released CO2 quantity of different crops were not significance among the crops. Urease activity of eggplant and tomato was higher than that of cowpea and maize. Tomato, pepper and cowpea soil catalase activities were higher than maize, and the lowest crop was eggplant. Invertase activity of eggplant soil was higher than the other crops, but the difference of soil alkaline phosphtase of different crops was not significance. Maize or other vegetables planting have no significance influence to soil respiration CO2 emission, however, different crops had significant influence on soil enzymes activities, especially on soil urease, soil catalase and soil invertase activities.