水资源定额管理的原理研究

Studies on principle of quota management of water resources

水资源定额管理是我国现阶段强化水资源需求管理,建立节水型国民经济体系,维护水资源可持续利用的关键举措。本文基于我国水资源管理的基本制度和国民经济物耗计量体系的现状和问题,说明开展水资源定额管理的必要性,厘清定额管理的内涵,并从水资源管理的宏观、中观和微观三个尺度分析了定额管理的基本原理。在此基础上构建了包括法律法规、用水行业分类、取水定额编制、定额监督管理等水资源定额管理体系。明确了定额管理过程中应遵循的强制性、地区差异性、动态性和层次性以及综合性等基本原则。

The water resources quota management is the key point of enhancement of water demand management, building a water-saving national economy system, and maintenance of the water sustainable utilization. In this paper, according to the basic system of the water resources management and the accounting system of the materials consumption in national economy, we explain the necessity of launching the water resources quota management. The conception of the water resources quota management is proposed. The theory of water resources management based on three scales are analyzed, and the system of water resources management are established , which including the perfection of water law and criterions, industry classification, water quota, quota supervision and management, relevant policies, and the scientific researches. The paper also makes clear the basic principles that people should follow in process of quota management.