香蕉枯萎病及其抗病育种研究进展

Advances in Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease and Its Resistance Breeding

香蕉枯萎病是一种由尖孢镰孢菌引起的维管束系统性病害,对香蕉生产往往产生毁灭性的破坏,造成的经济损失巨大,已引起世界的广泛关注.为了解决这一难题,科学家们已进行了大量的相关研究,针对这些研究进展,笔者从香蕉枯萎病的分布和危害,香蕉抗枯萎病的机理,以及香蕉的抗病育种等方面进行综述,重点介绍了香蕉的芽变选择育种、组培突变体选择育种、杂交育种、毒素筛选育种、体细胞融合育种、基因工程育种等育种方法及其成就,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望.

The banana fusarium wilt is a kind of fascicular system disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum fs. p. cubense. It often results in destructive extermination of banana production and brought serious economic loss and it is caused worldwide attentions. In order to solve this difficult problem, scientists have done lots of related researches. This paper reviews all the progress from following aspects ： distributions and damages of bananafusarium wilt, possible mechanisms of banana resistance to fusarium wilt, and anti-fusarium wilt breeding of banana. It especially emphasizes on breeding methods and its achievement, such as bud mutation selection breeding, tissue culture mutation selection breeding, cross breeding, toxin screening breeding, somatic cell hybridization breeding, and gene engineering breeding, and so on. Finally, their development trend is prospected.