英语双宾构造的概念结构分析——双宾动词与构造的分类及“三段式”认知解读

The Classification of English Ditransitives and Their Tripartite Cognitive Interpretation

本文基于认知语言学的概念结构分析方法，分别从语义、句法、角色这三个维度对英语双宾动词和构造进行了分类和分析：从语义上，对双宾动词的分类以徐盛桓的三分法为基础增加了一个“负给予”类型，这四类就构成一个连续体，可兼顾解释汉语，同时将其与Pinker＆Goldberg的十分法进行了对比。句法分类根据对CAUSE…TORECEIVE的词汇化方式将该构造分为双名构武（A式）和动介构式，后者根据所用介词to、with、for分为三类（B、C、D式）。角色的概念分析以人／物为主线，并佐以GIVE语料库来分析三个题元角色的分布情况。对双宾构造原型义“给予或传递”作概念分析时，主张将Langacker的“两段式”修改为“三段式”，以期能为该构造的概念结构做出更为合理的认知解读。

This paper,based on conceptual structure analysis from Cognitive Linguistics,attempts to classify and analyze the English Ditransitive verbs and constructions from the perspective of semantics, syntax and role. In terms of semantic classification, a new type ＂Negative Offer＂ is added to Professor Xu Shenghuan＇s tripartite division,thus the four types can form a continuum, which can also explain the Chinese counterpart. The comparison is also made between four types proposed by us and ten types by Pinker ＆ Goldberg. The different syntactic patterns are mainly due to the two different modes to lexicalize the conceptual structure ＂CAUSE... TO RECEIVE＂ ,one is by means of＂ single verb （ Pattern A ） ＂,the other ＂verb ＋ prep. ＂ ,which can still be reduced into three Patterns B, C,D based on the prepositions to, with, for. In terms of role, the conceptual structure of this construction can be analyzed from the viewpoint of animacy,with the support from the quantitative analysis of role distribution of three arguments of GIVE in our corpus. When we conceptually analyze the prototypical meaning ＂giving or transfer＂ of the Ditransitive, Langacker＇s ＂bipartite analysis＂ may be remedied by ＂tripartite＂,in the hope of a more reasonable interpretation for the conceptual structure of this construction.