马铃薯施肥肥效及养分利用率的研究

Effect of Fertilizer and Nutrient Use Efficiency on Potato in Inner Mongolia

对6年14项次的马铃薯氮磷钾肥肥效试验,研究了施用氮磷钾化肥对马铃薯的增产效果、肥料利用率和施肥对淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥(N)平均增产21.3%,每千克N增产马铃薯37.9kg;增施磷肥(P2O5)增产18.4%,每千克P2O5增产马铃薯51.8kg;增施钾肥(K2O)平均增产15.3%,每千克K2O增产马铃薯35.9kg。总的增产效果:氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。14项次试验中增施氮肥的肥料利用率(N)为24.3%～45.2%,平均32.9%;增施磷肥的肥料利用率(P2O5)为7.5%～20.9%,平均14.8%。增施钾肥的肥料利用率(K2O)为38.3%～92.6%,平均49.8%。平均生产1t马铃薯吸收N为6.15kg,吸收P2O5为1.36kg,吸收K2O为6.17kg。马铃薯淀粉含量旱地明显大于水浇地。减N处理马铃薯淀粉含量最高,其次是NPK配合处理。

Effects of N, P, and K fertilizer on potato yield, nutrient use efficiency（NUE） and starch content had been studied in 14 field experiments in the past six years （2002-2007）. N, P, and K fertilizer increased the potato yield significantly, 21.3% by N, 18.4% by P and 15.3% by K. 37.9 kg, 51.8 kg and 35.9 kg potato could be increased by per kg N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. So the effect of N fertilizer was the highest, the K was the lowest, and the P was inbetween. The results also showed that the N NUE was 24.3%-45.2% （mean 32.9%）, the P2O5 NUE was 7.5%-20.9% （mean 14.8%） and the K2O NUE was 38.3%-92.6%（mean 49.8%）. Uptake of N, P2O5 and K2O were, respectively, 6.15 kg, 1.36 kg and 6.17 kg to produce 1 ton potato tuber. The starch content of potato was less in the irrigated and than in the rain fed land significantly and was the highest in the no N treatment and the second high in the optimum NPK treatment.