高分子重金属絮凝剂CSAX的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of a novel macromolecular heavy metal flocculant CSAX

以玉米淀粉为基体,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,丙烯酰胺为单体,CS2和NaOH为磺化剂,合成了交联淀粉-聚丙烯酰胺-磺原酸酯(CSAX)高分子絮凝剂.用FTIR光谱和元素分析法对合成产物CSAX进行了表征.讨论了环氧氯丙烷的用量、硝酸铈铵的剂量、NaOH和CS2的重量百分比等合成条件对产品性能的影响.结果表明,100g淀粉中环氧氯丙烷的剂量为8mL,硝酸铈铵的用量为6.67×10-4mol·L-1,交联淀粉∶NaOH∶CS2的质量百分比为2∶6∶2.4时,获得的絮凝剂CSAX产品具有优良的性能.对同一产品不同储存环境的研究表明,低温避光储存较好.对CSAX絮凝含铜废水形成的污泥做扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析,发现其外部形态和组成成分都发生了很大变化.而CSAX处理实际废水的实验表明,当CSAX的投加剂量为100mol·L-1时,Cu2+、Ni2+的去除率分别达99.1%和82.3%,浊度的去除达96.6%.

A macromolecular heavy metal flocculant,crosslinked starch-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate（CSAX）,was synthesized using corn starch as matrix,epichlorohydrin（EPI）as cross-linking reagent,ceric ammonium nitrate（CAN）as initiator,acrylamide as monomer and CS2 and NaOH as xanthation reagents.The products were characterized by FTIR and elemental analysis.The effects of the preparation conditions,such as the dosage of EPI,CAN,NaOH and CS2 were investigated.The optimum synthesis conditions were 8ml EPI /100g starch,6.67×10^-4 mol L^-1 CAN and the ratio of crosslinked starch ∶ NaOH ∶ CS2=2 ∶ 6 ∶ 2.4.The sludge formed by CSAX and wastewater in jar tests was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy（SEM）and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry（EDS）.The exterior structure and components have evidently changed.The jar tests showed that when the dosage of CSAX was 100mol · L^-1,the rate of removal of Cu^2＋,Ni^2＋ and turbidity in synthetic wastewater reached 99.1%,82.3% and 96.6% respectively.