辽人自称“北朝”考论

An Examination of the Liao People Calling themselves "Northern Dynasty"

辽人自从五代后晋时期开始,就遵循历史上称南北并立政权为"南北朝"的习惯而自称"北朝",那时,辽人还没有形成"北朝"高于"南朝"的理念。宋朝建立以后,辽人积极主张与宋朝互称"南北朝",具有意欲提高自己政治地位以取得和北宋对等往来的意图。到了辽圣宗后期,随着辽人"正统"意识增强,辽人意欲凌驾于北宋之上的欲望大增,辽重熙二十一年(1052)"其国书始去国号,而称南、北朝",就有了"意以自尊大"之倾向。辽人自称"北朝",具有强调"南朝"和"北朝"是"一家"之用意,"一家"就是"中国",辽人承认五代和宋朝是"中国",同时也自称"中国",他们强调"南朝""北朝"是一家人,就是"南朝""北朝"都是"中国"的意思。

The Liao people began to call themselves ＂Northern Dynasty＂ since later Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties following the historical habit of naming the coexisting regimes of South and North as ＂Southern and Northern Dynasties＂, only there wasn＇t the idea of ＂Northern Dynasty＂ is nobler than ＂Sothern Dynasty＂ at that time. After the establishment of Song Dynasty, the Liao people advocated actively calling each other ＂Southern and Northern Dynasties＂ with Song in order to improve their political status and to get the equal chance to deal with Song. In the later period of Emperor Liao Shengzong（ 辽圣宗）, the desire of Liao people for overriding Song increased along with enhancement of their sense of ＂legitimism＂. The Liao people call themselves ＂Northern Dynasty＂ means that they emphasized that ＂Southern Dynasty＂ and ＂Northern Dynasty＂ belong to one household, which contains the tendency that both ＂ Southern Dynasty＂ and ＂Northern Dynasty＂ are＂ China＂.