视力损害患者应对方式与社会支持的调查

The coping strategies and social support features of the patients with vision impairment

目的调查和分析视力损害患者应对方式的特点及其与社会支持的关系。方法采用应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表对102名视力损害患者及98名正常对照组进行调查。结果（1）视力损害组患者主观支持分[（22．30±4．63）分]显著低于对照组[（23．76±5．51）分，t=2．69，P=0．009]，社会支持总分[（38．24±7．35）分]显著低于对照组[（41．36±6．65）分，t=3．11，P=0．002]；（2）视力损害组患者解决问题因子分[（0．60±0．29）分]显著低于对照组[（0．79±0．18）分，t=6．45，P=0．00]，自责因子分[（0．38±0．32）分]显著高于对照组[（0．21±0．25）分，t=4．65，P=0．00]；（3）视力损害患者社会支持总分及其三个维度与成熟型应对方式呈显著正相关；（4）影响视力损害患者应对方式的因素主要是文化程度、家庭关系和居住地；影响视力损害患者社会支持的因素主要有是否在婚、家庭关系以及家庭月收入。结论视力损害患者获得的社会支持水平较低，比正常人更多的应用不成熟应对方式。护士要帮助他们提高社会支持水平，采取积极应对策略。

Objective To explore social support and coping style in patients with visual impairment. Methods 102 patients with visual impairment and 99 normal controls were evaluated by Social Support Rating Scale and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and the results of two groups were compared. Results The patients with visual impairment got significantly lower scores of perceived social support than that of the control group（ subjective social support ：22.30 ± 1.63 vs 23.76 ± 5, 51, P 〈 0.01 ; total score of social support ： 38.24 ± 7.35 vs 41.36 ± 6.65, P〈 0.01 ）. The patients with visual impairment got significantly lower scores of positive coping style than that of the control group. The mature coping style is positively correlated with social support in patients with visual impairment. Conclusion The patients with visual impairment have got relatively lower perceived social support and applied more nnmature coping styles. The nurses should help the patients to improve their social support level and encourage them to use more mature coping style.