睡眠障碍飞行员认知功能研究

Change of cognitive functions of aviators suffering from sleep disorder

目的探讨睡眠障碍飞行员认知功能的变化。方法对患有睡眠障碍的飞行员及睡眠正常的飞行员进行认知功能测试，测试项目包括：临界闪光融合频率、选择性反应时、注意力集中能力、记忆能力及警戒性。结果睡眠障碍飞行员的闪光融合频率显著低于对照组[分别为（31．36±2．49）Hz，（34．39±3．47）Hz，P〈0．05]；选择性反应时的红色[分别为（0．845±0．191）s，（0．560±0．069）s]、黄色[分别为（0．807±0．209）s，（0．514±0．059）s]、绿色[分别为（0．782±0．230）s，（0．486±0．055）s]灯光反应时均显著大于对照组（均P〈0．01）；空间记忆广度分值略低于对照组，但未达到显著差异水平[分别为（5．59±0．96）s，（5．96±0．97）s，P〉0．05]；注意力集中能力测试的注意力集中时间显著低于对照组[分别为（154．69±20．83）s，（178．81±1．27）s，P〈0．01]，而出错次数显著高于对照组[分别为（109．84±59．91）次，（10．44±10．09）次，P〈0．01]；警戒仪测试，睡眠障碍飞行员第2个10min的出错次数高于对照组[分别为（0．429±0．306）次，（0．144±0．174）次，P〈0．01]。结论睡眠障碍飞行员认知功能降低。

Objective To investigate the cognitive functions of aviators suffering from sleep disorder. Methods Aviators suffering from sleep disorder and aviators with normal sleep performed cognitive tests including critical flicker frequency, selective reaction trine, attention focusing ability, memory ability and vigilance. Resuits Compared with controls, the critical flicker frequency of aviators suffering from sleep disorder was lower significantly（31.36 ± 2.49,34.39 ± 3.47 ）Hz, respectively, P 〈 0.05 ）;their reaction time to red lamp （0. 845 ± 0.191 ） s, （ 0. 560 ± 0.069 ） s, respectively）, yellow lamp （ 0. 807 ± 0. 209 ） s, （ 0.514 ± 0. 059 ） s, respectively ） and green lamp（0. 782 ±0. 230）s, （0. 486 ± 0. 055 ）s,respectively） were longer significantly（ P〈0.01 for all） ;their scores of spatial memory span were a little lower but not significantly （ 5.59 ± 0.96,5.96 ± 0.97, respectively, P 〉 0.05 ）. In the attention focus ability test, their attention focusing time was shorter significantly （ 154.69 ± 20.83, 178.81± 1.27, respectively, P 〈 0.01 ） , while the error times was more than that of controls （ 109.84 ± 59.91, 10.44 ± 10.09 ,respectively, P 〈 0.01 ）. In the vigilance instrument test,the error times of aviators suffering from sleep disorder was higher than that of aviators with normal sleep （0. 429 ± 0.306,0. 144 ± 0. 174, respectively, P 〈 0.01 ） only during the second 10-minute phase. Conclusion The cognitive functions of aviators suffering from sleep disorder decreased.