孤独症儿童父母心理健康状况与人格特征的相关性

The correlativity between mental health and personality characters in the autisms＇ parents

目的探讨孤独症儿童父母的心理健康、人格特征及其相关性。方法使用症状自评量表、艾森克个性问卷对68例孤独症儿童的父母和64例健康儿童父母进行对照研究。同时利用t检验和多因素回归分析进行数据分析。结果研究组的躯体化、强迫状态、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执因子分高于正常对照组，母亲的抑郁因子分高于父亲，差异有显著性。研究组内外向因子分[（47．65±9．97）分]低于对照组[（52．91±11．02）分]，差异有显著性（t=2．87，P〈0．01）；神经质因子分高于对照组，差异有显著性（t=2．01，P〈0．05），父亲的内外向因子分低于母亲，差异有显著性（t=2．43，P〈0．01）。多因素回归分析的结果显示神经质因子对SCL-90的总分及各因子均有影响。结论孤独症儿童父母更易出现心理健康问题，母亲的抑郁问题明显多于父亲；其人格特质具有偏内向性和高神经质的特点，父亲比母亲的偏内向性更明显。

Objective To explore the mental health and the personality characters of the autisms children＇ s parents, and the relation between them. Methods 68 parents of autism children were tested with Symptom Check-List 90 and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t-test and multiple regression analysis with SPSS. Results The parents of autisms children had much higher SCL-90 subscales on somatization, obsession, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid. And the factor scores of depression in the autisms＇ mother is higher than the father. The autisms＇ parents had much higher scales in extrovision-introvision and lower scales in neuroticism than the normal（t = 2.87, P 〈 0.01 ; t = 2.01, P 〈 0.05 ）. And the factor scores of extrovision-introvision in the autisms＇ father were lower than the mother （t = 2.43, P 〈 0.01 ）. The multiple factors analyzes showed that the factor of neuroticism is significant correlative with total scale of SCL-90 and every factors. Conclusion The parents of autisms children had more risk factors of the mental problems. And the mother had more depression than the father. The autisms＇ parents had more introvision and higher neuroticism. The higher neuroticism had a great influence on the mental health of the autisms＇ parents. And much intervention should be done for them.