论巴赫金“完成”与“未完成”的多重价值内涵

Multi-value Connotations on Bakhtin's "Finalizability" and "Unfinalizability"

巴赫金思想中的"未完成"与"完成"的内涵远比人们通常理解的要丰富得多。巴赫金在早期著作中一方面批评认识论的完成性,一方面阐发个体具存的未完成性。而当他论述作者与主人公的关系时,人的存在在价值上显示出"完成"与"未完成"的双重色调。在他对复调的阐述中,"完成"的消极意味更为明显,"未完成"则被大加肯定。而当"完成"与大全、上帝相关联时,"未完成"便意味着某种缺失。只是这种"完成"又是"未完成"的,两者共建了一种弥赛亚结构,这也显示了巴赫金思想的神学内涵。

The connotation of ＂finalizability＂ and ＂tmfinalizability＂ in Bakhtin＇s thoughts is much richer than that in people＇s common comprehension. In his early works, Bakhtin criticizes the finalizability of epistemology on one hand; and on the other hand discovers the unf＇malizability of individual existence. But discussing the relation of author and host, the existence of human beings possesses double features of ＂finalizability＂ and ＂unfinalizability＂ on value. In his discussion on polyphony, ＂finalizability＂ tinges passive meaning; however,＂unfinalizability＂ is praised. Meanwhile,＂finalizability＂ is inherently related to consummateness and God, ＂unfinalizability＂ signifies some demerits. But this ＂finalizability＂ is also unfmalizable, which sets up the structure of Messiah and shows the theological content in Bakhtin＇s thoughts.