秦汉时期的贞节观念及女性人格

The Chastity Idea and Feminine Personality in Qin and Han Dynasties

夏商周时代,在以父权为中心的私有制家庭取代以母子血缘为核心的自然形态的过程中,贞节观念产生了。秦、汉以后,开始崇尚女子贞节,对女子婚前守贞的要求逐步强化。秦朝和汉朝采取处罚和奖励的措施劝导贞节,贞节观念渐渐衍变为片面针对女性的要求。当然,总体上秦汉时期的贞节观念还较为宽泛。汉代记录女性事迹的文献,由刘向的《列女传》、班固的《汉书》到班昭的《女诫》,实现了女性人格由胆智才华为重向贞顺节义为重的转型。

In the period of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, while the private family system taking the father right as the center substituted the system taking the blood relation between mother and child, the chastity idea appeared. After that time, the want that advocated female chastity idea and girls must keep moral integrity before wedding started and gradually was strengthened. In order to advise chastity, the governments of Qin and Han dynasties adopted the measure of punishment and reward, then, the chastity idea gradually became the want of women and girls. Of course, in the period of Qin and Han dynasties, the chastity idea want was not very serious. The literatures that recorded woman stories in Han dynasty, from the books 〈 Biography of Upright and Principled Women 〉 by LIU Xiang, 〈 The History of Han Dynasty 〉 by BAN Gu to 〈 Female Warns 〉 by BAN zhao, promoted and realized the transformation of the female personality from brave wisdom talent to docile and chastity.