“纸老虎”·“中间地带”·“两个阵营”——毛泽东“转折年代”的美国观

"Paper Tigers"·"the Middle Zone"·"Two Camps"——Mao Zedong's Perspective on America in the "Year of Dramatic Turn"

从1946年6月全面内战爆发,到1947年7月至9月人民解放军由战略防御转入战略进攻,仅仅过去一年的时间,中国历史的发展就来了个大转折。在这个"转折年代"里,由于此前的"调处"失败,美国人在中国的历史舞台上开始由台前走向幕后,只能通过援助国民党的方式来继续干涉中国内政,与中国共产党人展开间接的较量。在指挥战略防御和部署战略反攻的繁忙日子里,毛泽东不得不花费大量的心血来反复分析和考量站在战场远端的美国。考量的结果是,他不仅提出了"一切反动派都是纸老虎"的著名论断,而且提出了"中间地带的革命"理论,接受了"两个阵营"划分的新理念,极大地丰富和发展了他在"转折年代"的美国观。

From the break of a full-scale civil war in China （June 1946）, to a shift from a strategic defense to a strategic attack of People＇s Liberation Army （July 1947-September 1947）, Chinese history encountered one of its most dramatic turns within just one year. In this year of turbulent shift, Americans, who used to be at the forefront of the historical stage, retreated behind the scene as a result of their failure to ＂intervene＂. Now they could only interfere in the domestic affairs of China with the help of the National Democratic Party of China. In the busy days of commanding strategic defense and planning strategic comeback, Mao Zedong had to spend a lot of efforts analyzing and measuring again and again an America on the other side of the battlefield. In consequence he not only came up with the well-known remark ＂all reactionary parties are paper tigers＂, but also proposed the theory of ＂revolution in the middle zone＂ and accepted the new idea of demarcating ＂two camps＂. All these have enriched his perspective on America in the ＂year of dramatic turn＂.