亚里士多德物理学中的“原因”和“运动”概念——从库恩的观点看

The Concepts of "Cause" and "Movement" in the Physics of Aristotle——From the Perspective of Kuhn

在库恩"范式"理论的发展中,"类比"对于塑形知识范式的基本作用被越来越多地强调。与此相应,亚里士多德亦将"类比"作为认识得以形成和扩展的基本方法。正是凭借对"人间"领域中较熟悉事物的观察,亚里士多德才得以形成对"天"进行论说的概念基础。正因如此,亚式物理学中那些诸多不同于现代物理学的特质,似都可以通过这种独特的类比模式得到说明。

In the developpment of Kuhn＇s theory of ＂paradigm＂, the fundamental role of ＂analogy＂ in constructing a paradigm has been increasingly stressed. Correspondingly, Aristotle aslo regards ＂ analogy＂ as a fundamental method in forming and expanding knowledge. It is precisely through the observation of familiar facts in the ＂humain world＂ that Aristotle obtains the conceptual structure to argue upon the ＂sky＂. Thus, many characteristics of Aristotle＇s physics which are different from the modem paradigm seem to be capable of being explained through this particular mode of analogy.