基于GIS的浙江杨梅种植区划

Regional planning for planting Myrica rubra based on GIS in Zhejiang Province

杨梅(Myrica rubra Sieb et Zucc.)是浙江著名的特色水果之一,浙江的气候比较适宜杨梅种植,但由于区域布局不合理制约了杨梅的发展。根据杨梅的生物学特性,筛选出了杨梅种植的气候区划指标,并建立了各区划指标与经度、纬度和海拔高度的空间分析模型。借助浙江省1︰25万地形数据、数字高程模型(DEM)和数字化土壤图,综合考虑气候因子、坡度、坡向、海拔高度、土壤类型和土壤质地等要素,采用加权指数求和法,对11个区划指标进行量化分级,建立杨梅栽培区划指标判断矩阵。将11个区划指标适宜性等级图按照权重进行叠加分析,得到综合指数分布图。同时参照浙江省土地利用现状,将不适宜杨梅种植的地块屏蔽,分析综合指数分布规律,将浙江省杨梅种植综合气候区划划分为最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区3个等级。最适宜种植区占评价区域面积的25.15%,主要集中在宁波、台州、温州、丽水、金华、杭州和绍兴地区的低丘陵地带;适宜区占参评土地面积的46.37%,主要分布在丽水、温州、金华、杭州和衢州等海拔高度为500～700m的半高山区;不适宜区占评价区域面积的28.48%,主要在丽水市和杭州市的海拔在700m以上的高山地区。本研究以期能为浙江特色作物的规划和杨梅产业的持续发展提供科学依据。

Myrica rubra is one of the famous and characteristic fruit in Zhejiang Province, where the climate is very befitting to its planting, but the irrational distribution restricted its development. Therefore, this study screened out climate division indexes for planting by biological characteristic and established spatial analysis model for the division indexes relating to longitude, latitude and height above sea level. This study, using the sum method of weighting exponent, graded quantitatively for the eleven division indexes by dint of landform data of Zhejiang with a scale of proportion is 1 ： 250000, DEM and Digital soil map, considering integratedly various factors including climate factor, gradient, slop direction, height above sea level, soil type and soil quality, established the judgment matrix of the division index for Myrica rubra planting. The distributed chart of the synthesis indexes was obtained through making superposition analysis of the adaptability grade chart for the weighted means of the eleven division indexes. This study shielded the plots that disagree with plant Myrica rubra according to ground using actual data of Zhejiang, analyzed the distribution law of the synthesis index, plotted Zhejiang Province to three grades including optimum area, suitable area and inaptitude area. The highly suitable areas were accounted for 25.15% of the evaluated areas, mainly distributing in the foothill of Ningbo, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Lishui, Jinhua, Hangzhou and Shaoxing. The suitable areas were occupied 46.37% , and distributed chiefly in low mountains with a elevation between 500-700 m in Lishui, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Hangzhou and Quzhou. While the unsuitable areas accounted for 28.48%, distributing in high mountains above 700m in Lishui and Hangzhou. This study offered scientific opinion for programming of characteristic crop and development of Myrica rubra industry in Zhejiang.