不同耕作方法条件下玉米抗御低温冷害的研究

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Chilling Resistance of Maize

[目的]针对辽西地区平洼地玉米受低温冷害问题，从耕作技术的角度为平洼地玉米抗御低温冷害提供了有力的理论依据。[方法]对种垄台与种垄沟玉米的耕作层温度、出苗期日照效应、抗御春秋霜低温冷害、土壤墒情等微气候效应以及玉米灌浆期根系生长状况、生育期及粒重进行对比观测，观测采用随机排列法，同时进行4次重复。[结果]种垄台玉米苗期根部所处耕作层的日平均地温和有效积温较高，出苗期提前，土壤墒情和玉米根系长势较好，成熟期提前并且籽粒较饱满。[结论]辽西地区平洼地采用种垄台耕作方法可改善玉米苗期根部所处耕作层O～20cm的小气候条件及其自身的生长发育状况。

[ Objective]Aiming at chilling damage of maize in lowland of western Liaoning,the powerful evidences of resisting chilling damage of maize were provided from tillage method perspective. [ Method]The depths of plough layers, sunshine effects in seedling stage, resistances to frost damage, microclimatic effects such as soil moisture,root system in filling stage,growth periods and grain weights of maize planted on ridge and in furrow were comparatively obsewed. The random arrangement was adopted in comparative observation with 4 replications. [ Result]The daily mean ground temperature and effective accumulated temperature of plough layer of maize planted on ridge were relatively high. In addition, the seedling stage and mature stage of maize planted on ridge were in advance,the soil moisture,root growth and seed plumpness of maize planted on ridge were good. [ Conclusion]The ridge planting in lowland of western Liaoning could improve in 0- 20 cm plough layer where root grew in,besides this method could also improve its growth and development.