浮水植物对富营养水体的作用研究

Study on Effect of Floating Plant on Eutrophication Water

[目的]研究3种浮水植物对富营养化水体中营养盐的去除能力。[方法]选择采自鄱阳湖3种不同的浮水植物(凤眼莲、水浮莲和槐叶萍),利用软隔离小区试验研究了它们对富营养化水体的净化作用效果。[结果]浮水植物处理进行150 d时,3种浮水植物对水体中总氮的去除率分别为槐叶萍(70%)>凤眼莲(67%)>浮水莲(61%);对TP的去除率分别为凤眼莲(56%)>水浮莲(53%)>槐叶萍(49%)。凤眼莲和槐叶萍处理围区的水质净化效果较好,这与植物自身吸收同化污染水体中氮素、磷素的能力大小及植物根系微生物的作用都有关。凤眼莲和槐叶萍在提高水体透明度方面效果也较好。[结论]凤眼莲和槐叶萍的长势最佳,生长周期长,对水体中总氮和总磷的去除效果最好,对其他水质指标的改善效果也最好。

[ Objective] The propose was to study the removal ability of 3 kinds of floating plants on the nutrient in eutrophication water. [ Method] Three floating plants （Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes Linn, Salvinia natans ）selected from Poyang Lake were chose to study their purification effect on the eutrophication water in the plot test with software - based isolation. [ Result ] After three floating plants grown for 150 d in the test, total nitrogen （TN） removal of three floating plants in order were S. natans （70%） 〉 E. crassipes （67%） 〉 P. sitariotes （61%） and their total phosphorus （TP） removal in order were E. erassipes （56 % ） 〉 P. stratiotes （53 % ） 〉 S. natans （49%）. The treatment enclosures with E. erassipes and S. natans had the better effect on sewage purification and nutrients removal.It may relate to their ability of absorption and assimilation the nitrogen and phosphorus from sewages as well as the action of microorganism arotmd plant root. The transparence in growing E. crassipes and S. natans enclosures improved faster than others. [ Conclusion] E. crassipes and S. natans had best growth and long growing period,best removal effect on TN and TP in water and best improving effect on other indexes of water quality.