塔里木河流域土地资源开发利用环境外部性的现状、特点及成因

Outside Tarim River basin land resource development use environment present situation, characteristic and origin

塔里木河流域生态环境脆弱，属于典型的干旱荒漠生态区，生态环境本底差，基础薄弱。近年来由于人类对土地资源的过度开发利用和不合理的经营管理，造成了荒漠植被衰退，塔里木河下游断流，灾害性天气增多，土地退化、盐溃化和荒漠化程度加剧等严重的生态环境问题。本文在分析塔里木河流域土地资源开发利用引发的环境外部性现状及特点的基础上，从产权、各利益主体之间的矛盾、大规模垦荒植农并粗放经营、流域开发项目政策失灵等方面探讨产生环境外部性的原因，为克服外部性，制定政策，实现流域人与自然和谐可持续发展提供依据。

The Tarim River basin ecological environment is frail, belongs to the model arid wilderness ecology area, the ecological environment background is bad,foundation weak. In recent years as a result of the humanity to the land resource overdevelopment use and the unreasonable management and operation, created the deserta to decline, the Tarim River downstream blocked the flow, the catastrophe weather increased, the land degenerated, salinified and the desertification degree aggravating and so on the serious ecological environment question. This article in analyzes the Tarim River basin land resource development use initiation outside the environment the present situation and in the characteristic foundation, from the property right, various benefits main body contradictory, reclaims wasteland massively plants agricultural and the extensive management,aspects and so on basin developmental item policy malfunction discuss produce outside the environment the reason, for overcomes exterior nature, the policy making, the realization basin person and the nature harmonious sustainable development provides the basis.