3Vainio A, Auvinen A. Prevalence of symptoms among patients with advancedcancer: an international collaborative study[J]. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 1996,12( 1 ) : 3-- 10.
4Caraceni A, Russell K. An international survey of cancer pain characteristics and syndromes[ J ]. Pain, 1999, 82:263 -274.
5Gleeland C S, Nakamura Y, Mendoza TR,et al. Dimension of the impact of cancer pain in a four country sample: new information from multidimensional scaling[J]. Pain, 1996,67:267-273.
6Twycross R, Harcourt J, Bergl S. A survey of pain in patients with advanced cancer [J ]. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 1996,12(5):273--282.
7Payne R. Chronic pain: challenges in the assessment and management of cancerpain [ J ]. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 2002, 19 (1suppl) : s12 --s15.
8Lin C C, Lai Y L, Ward S E. Effect of cancer pain on performance status, mood states, and level of hope among Taiwan Residents cancer patients[ J ]. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 2003, 25(1): 29--37.
9Zech D FJ, Groun S, Lynch J, et al.Validation of World Health Organization Guidelines for cancer pain relief: a 10 -year prospective study[J ]. Pain, 1995,63:65-76.
10World Health Organization. Cancer pain relief[ M]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1986.1.
