佛教世俗化与宋代职业伦理建构——以俄藏黑水城文献《慈觉禅师劝化集》为中心

Secularization of Buddhism and Construction of Occupation Ethics in Song Dynasty——Center with Chi-Jue-Chan-Shiquan-Hua-Ji from Writings from Karakhoto Site Keeped in Russia

在唐宋之际的社会转型中,平民化和世俗化是重要趋势,在此过程中,职业概念凸显,转型社会的成功有赖于职业伦理的建构,从而提供一套行为价值标准以整合社会过程。佛教适应转型社会的要求,通过劝善化俗在职业伦理建构中起到独到作用。在黑水城文献《慈觉禅师劝化集》中,北宋高僧宗赜声称修行与世俗生活并不相悖,阐明了恪敬职守的世俗职业伦理价值具有神圣性,是修行成佛的一种途径,把世俗职业伦理提升到超越的高度,赋予它神圣意味,为世俗和神圣搭起一座融合的桥梁。《劝化集》诸篇对包括胥吏、军人、商人在内的各行业职业操守和佛教修证的关系进行了详细论述,从理论上阐明宗教修行与世俗职业生活两者在本质上是统一的,客观上建构起一套具有超越性的平民职业伦理道德体系,避免转型中的社会生活于道德真空之中,促进了宋代社会与经济的成功。

In the process of transformation of Tang and Song dynasties, popularization and secularization is a important social trance. Buddhism adapts to the needs of social transformation and plays a key role in construction of occupation ethics. Chi-jue- chan-shiquan-hua-ji （《慈觉禅师劝化集》） is one of writings from Karakhoto Site keep in Russia, in which Zong-ze（宗赜） raise of secular occupation ethics to a holy level, and it objectively constructs a system of occupation ethics. The occupation ethics offer action value by which transformational society bears its success.