传统与现代之间:晚清幕府制度之演进

Between Tradition and Modernity:The Evolution of Mu Fu System in Late Qing

晚清幕府制度是在清王朝陷入内外交困的窘境中应运而生的。它虽然从明清幕府制度中萌蘖而出,但随着清王朝内忧外患的加剧,其制度特征逐渐凸显,并日益完善,成为一种有别于明清幕府制度、而与传统幕府制度渊源有自的新的幕府形态。尽管由于时代的不同,晚清幕府制度无论在形式还是内容上都有超越传统幕府制度的地方,但公务私办、为一人效劳的精神实质却是一脉相承的,应该说这与近代以来的民主政治潮流是格格不入的。民国时期,幕府政治依然大行其道,是晚清幕府制度余响犹在的缘故。这说明,一种政治制度的消亡并非戛然而止,消遁无形,而是余音缭绕,难以将息。

Late Qing mu fu system appeared when Qing Dynasty was declining. Though it sprouted from Ming Qing mu fu system, it changed along with the development of modern China society, and at last it was different with Ming Qing mu fu system, but looked like traditional mu fu system. Since the time was different, Late Qing mu fu system had gone beyond traditional mu fu system, but the spirit of working for somebody came down in one continuous line, which was incompatible with modern democracy trend. Late Qing mu fu made a strong impact in the Republic of China, which showed clearly that a political system didn＇t disappear quickly.