深圳市东部海岸地质遗迹景观的环境敏感性分析

Environmental Sensitivity Analysis of Geological Heritage Sites in Eastern Shenzhen Coastal Zone

地质遗迹景观资源的分布特征及环境敏感性分析是地质遗迹保护规划及开发利用的基础。通过野外调查及分析得出深圳东部海岸带的主体地质景观类型为地质地貌景观共47个,占总体景点数量的72.3%,其中主要的地质遗迹类型为火山地貌遗迹和海岸地貌遗迹,分别为7个和27个,占总量的10.8%和41.6%。东部海岸地带面积约437km2,以国家级、省级地质遗迹景点为主,数量及比例分别为22,44%和21,42%。以高程、坡度、植被、土地利用、道路距离、景观等级及景观类型等因子聚类,得到3种影响类型:未受影响景点类型、轻度影响景点类型、威胁严重景点类型。据此确定了9个要重点采取保护措施的景点以及26个在开发利用过程中需要采取保护措施的景点。最后从景点的环境敏感性角度,对开发利用与保护的协调统一提出了景点保护模式,为地质遗迹资源的保护及开发利用提供合理建议。

There has been significant growth in practical interest and theoretical research involving geological heritage protection and development with the construction and development of Geo-parks in China. The perspective of landscape ecology principles and landscape environmental sensitivity analysis is useful for evaluating human impacts on geological heritage sites and planning for geological heritage protection. Characteristic of geological heritage site distribution and environmental sensitivity is the fundamental issue of geological heritage protection and development. Shenzhen＇ s eastern coastal zone area covers 437km^2. According to our investigation, the main type of geological heritage is geological geomorphic landscape, at a total of 47 sites, accounting for 72.3 % of all geological heritage sites in the study area. It includes 7 coastal geomorphic landscapes and 27 volcanic geomorphic landscapes, accounting for 10. 8% and 41.6% of all the heritage sites respectively. 22 heritage sites, or 44% of the total, can be ranked as national geological heritage sites. 21 heritage sites, or 41% of the total, can be ranked as provincial geological heritage sites. Based on the factors of elevation, slope, vegetation coverage, land use, distance to roads, and heritage rank and type, all the heritages can be classified into 3 types according to the level of human influence： weakly influenced, slightly affected and seriously threatened. We also identified 9 heritage sites that need careful protection and 26 heritage sites that need to adopt protection measures during the period of development. The weakly influenced type has low environmental sensitivity. The use of the geological relics protection model is proposed for these landscapes. The slightly influenced type has high sensitivity to the environment but is currently only slightly impacted by human activities. Significant measures should be taken to enhance the harmonization of development and protection during the construction and development of Dapeng Peninsula National Park. The seriously threatened type is both highly sensitive to the environment and receives serious threat from human activities. The use of a single special protection area mode should be proposed. Based on environmental sensitivity analysis, we develop a new perspective for protection and development of geological heritage sites. This paper provides some concrete suggestions for the protection and development of geological heritage resources in the Shenzhen eastern coastal zone.