生态系统服务价值核算在土地利用规划战略环境评价上的应用--以北京市为例

Application of Ecosystem Services Valuation in Strategic Environmental Assessment for Land-Use Planning in Beijing

战略环境评价以其高层次和直接性的特点,被运用到政策和计划、规划的评价上。战略环境评价在土地利用规划评价上的应用研究已经广泛的开展,本文将生态系统服务价值核算引入到战略环境评价中来,使其作为评价方法对北京市1996年～2010年土地利用总体规划进行了战略环境评价。结果表明,北京市生态系统服务价值在规划期内增加了23.90×108元,规划起到了增加生态效益的效果。然而由于人口增长速度快,规划期间内生态系统人均服务价值则呈下降趋势,生态环境的保护建设力度滞后于人口增长的速度;为缓解生态系统人均服务价值下降的趋势,则需要对规划进行一定的修改和补充,进一步加强生态环境建设的力度。而2006年的土地利用数据也表明,该规划在实施方面与目标存在一定的偏差,需要加大实施力度。

Strategic Environmental Assessment （SEA） is now widely used in the evaluation of policies, plans and strategies. Land-use planning is very important because of its role in land-use and land-cover change （LUCC） which can lead to ecosystem and environmental change. For reasonable and scientific land-use planning and development of an environmentally-friendly society, SEA should be carried out before land-use planning. In this article, the value of ecosystem services was used as an assessment index for conducting a strategic environmental assessment of Beijing land-use planning. The Chinese ecosystem services value per unit area for different ecosystem types, as determined by Xie Gaodi, was used to calculate the total value of ecosystem services in Beijing in 1996, 2006 and 2010. The results of the three years are 187.96 × 10^8 yuan, 193.30 × 10^8 yuan and 211.87 × 10^8 yuan, so the value of ecosystem servic.es in Beijing increased by 23.90 × 10^8 yuan from 1996 to 2010. Generally speaking, the land-use plan can be regarded as reasonable because of the increase in value of ecosystem services. Then, we took into account the population explosion of Beijing in recent years. The per-capita ecosystem services value was calculated and the results show that although the total ecosystem services value increased, the value per-capita decreased, from 1492.46 yuan in 1996 to 1 222.64 yuan in 2006 and 211.87 yuan in 2010. When compared with GDP, which increased sharply, the growth rate of ecosystem services value was much slower, and the development of economy and ecological environment were uncoordinated. Thus, land-use planning still has some problems and supplementary modifications are needed. More work should be done on environmental protection and resource utilization. The land-use data for 2006 indicated that more attention should be paid to the actualization of land-use planning. The accuracy of ecosystem services valuation plays an important role in the SEA for land-use planning, and to make a reasonable SEA, more work should be done on the accuracy of valuation, such as thinking about ecosystem heterogeneity and revaluation of construction sites and unused land. This should be the direction and focus of future research.