侦查机关内设鉴定机构鉴定问题的透视与分析——13起错案涉及鉴定问题的展开

An analysis of the expert opinion-related problems of the judicial expertise agencies of criminal investigation organs——Focusing on the judicial expertise involving 13 wrong cases in China

鉴定结论被人们誉为"科学证据"。通过对13起错案涉及有关鉴定问题的透视,发现这一"殊荣"因侦查机关内设鉴定机构的"问题鉴定"使某些鉴定结论成了错案的"帮凶",这不仅导致了案件事实的错认,造成了司法不公正,同时降低了司法鉴定的公信力,最终影响了诉讼效率。我国司法鉴定制度改革在取消人民法院和司法行政部门内设鉴定机构的同时,准许侦查机关内设鉴定机构,这种制度是否合理值得进一步研究。

This essay probes into 13 wrong criminal cases involving the phenomena of expert opinions, viewed as ＂scientific evidence.＂ The author finds that this sort of evidence, which actually serves as an ＂accomplice＂ as a result of the problematic expert opinion in relation to the judicial expertise agencies established by China＇ s judicial organs, affects the ascertainment of the facts of cases and justice, results in the reduction of both public confidence in expert opinions and procedural efficiency. By now, China has reformed the system of judicial expertise by dismantling the judicial expertise agencies established by the courts and the judicial administration organs but retained those judicial expertise agencies established by the criminal investigation organs. The author argues that the renovated system is still problematic and researchable.