资本:市场经济一般范畴——资本新概念初探

Capital:the General Category of Market Economy——A Probe into the New Concept of Capital

经济学原有的资本范畴是市场经济中的特殊的资本范畴,有局限性。笔者认为市场经济中的一般资本范畴是:资本是生产和经营商品的生产要素,它能生产社会使用价值并能使自身价值增殖。因此,资本有二重本性,既有客观上满足社会需要的一面,又有经济主体主观追求利润最大化的一面。资本有二重历史作用,既有促进社会生产力发展的积极作用,又有阻碍社会经济发展的消极作用,而积极作用是主导的方面。国家对市场经济的宏观调控,保护资本的积极作用,尽可能使它的负面作用最小化。

The intrinsic category of capital in Economics is the special category of capital in market economy and has its limitations. The author holds that the general category of capital in market economy is that capital is the production factor to produce and manage merchandise and it can produce social use value and add it＇s own value. Therefore, merchandise has the nature of duality. It can meet the need of society objectively on one hand and on the other hand it objectively seeks the maximization of profit. Capital has dual historical effects. It has both the positive effect of promoting the development of social productivity and the negative effect of hindering the development of society and economy and the positive effect is the leading one. The state can control market economy in a macro way, protect the positive effect of capital and try the best to minimize its negative effect.