论禁止双重危险原则中的同一性问题——以美国法律实践为视角

On the Issues of the Same in the Principle of Protect against Double Jeopardy

禁止双重危险原则是刑事诉讼中保障被告人合法权益的重要制度设计。美国法院在执行这一原则时先后使用了同一要素标准、同一行为标准及同一证据标准。之所以出现如此反复,是美国司法实践在犯罪事实及刑罚对象认识方面不断深化的结果。我国刑事司法应当借鉴美国在禁止双重危险原则之同一性问题上的司法经验,合理优化吸收犯与牵连犯理论,落实罪刑相适应原则。

Protect against double jeopardy is an important design for protecting the rights of the defendants in criminal procedure. In enforcing the principle, the courts of America have used the same element standard, the same conduct standard and the same evidence standard. The reason for repeating the different standards is the result of deepening recognition of the criminal facts and objects of punishment in the judicial practice. Our country should learn the judicial experience about the same question in protect against double jeopardy of America. We should reasonably optimize the theories of the absorbed-criminal and implicated offense, enforce the principle of correspondence of criminal action and punishment.