云南3种耕地类型土壤环境质量监测及评价分析

Monitor and Analysis for Environmental Quality of Soils in Three Typical Farmland in Yunnan Province of China

按照《农田土壤环境质量监测技术规范》(NY/T395—2000),连续4年6次对云南亚热带干热河谷旱(缓)坡农耕地、中海拔旱(陡)坡农耕地和平坝区蔬菜地3个监控区农田土壤环境质量进行定点定位监测分析。结果表明,保山市登高旱(缓)坡农耕区处于Ni背景值偏高区域,除Ni元素超标外,其余监测项目值均低,综合污染指数显示清洁或尚清洁水平,未造成污染。晋宁县金沙平坝区蔬菜地农田土壤除个别点Pb、Ni和Cu有污染现象外,其余均未受到污染,处于清洁到轻度污染水平。富民县河东村旱(陡)坡农耕区处于Cu高背景值区和Ni背景值偏高区域,土壤中Cu含量全部达到重度以上污染水平,Ni达到轻度到中度污染水平,Cr个别位点达到轻度污染,其他监测项目均处于清洁到尚清洁水平,土壤综合污染水平处于重污染水平。保山市登高旱(缓)坡农耕区和晋宁县金沙平坝区蔬菜地均达到无公害农产品产地环境质量要求,而富民县河东村旱(陡)坡农耕区则需对土壤环境质量加以治理。

According to Procedural Regulations Regarding the Environment Quality Monitoring of Soil （NY/T 395-2000）, monitoring and analysis for soil environmental quality were launched six times in four years in three subtropical monitoring areas in Yunnan Province, these areas included dry-delay-slopes in dry-hot valley, dry-steep-slopes in mid-altitude area and vegetable fields in intermontane basin. The results have been carried out. Dry-delay-slopes in Bao Shah municipality was relatively unpolluted, only nickel content in soil exceeded standard. Vegetable fields in Jin Ning county was slightly polluted, content of lead, nickel and copper in soil exceeded standard in some places. Dry-steep-slopes in Fu Min county was seriously polluted, copper content in soil reached heavy pollution level, nickel content reached medium pollution level. In some sites, chromium content reached slight pollution level. In conclusion, dry-delay-slopes in Bao Shan municipality and vegetable fields in Jin Ning County were suitable for producing of pollution-free agricultural products, environmental control in dry-steep-slopes in Fu Min county should be taken without any delay.