中国水牛的遗传多样性与起源分化

A Review on Genetic Diversity and Origin of Chinese Buffalos

中国水牛资源丰富,主体上为沼泽型水牛,主要分布于我国的热带和亚热带地区其在我国南方地区的农业生产中发挥着重要作用。与其他家养动物相比,中国水牛的遗学研究起步较晚。已有的研究结果表明,中国沼泽型水牛的染色体数为2n=48,其与河流传型水牛的杂种后代群体存在染色体数的多态性;早期的血液蛋白与同工酶座位的遗传检测显示,中国水牛各地方类群间遗传差异小,遗传关系较近;而近年微卫星DNA标记和mtDNA标记检测结果显示,其群体遗传多样性较为丰富,且存在一定的遗传分化。考古发现及近年的分子遗传学研究揭示沼泽型和河流型水牛是在不同的地点独立驯化而来,中国可能是沼泽型水牛最初驯化之地。

China is a country of a huge variety of buffalo genetic resources, and the main buffalos in China are Swamp type. Buffalos mainly distribute in the humid tropical and subtropical areas in China, where buffalos play an important role in the agricultural production. Compared with other domestic animals, scientific research on buffaloes began with some delay. The results have been obtained revealed that Chinese Swamp type buffalos have diploid chromosome numbers of 2n= 48, and there are chromosome number polymorphisms in the population of different filial--generation between Swamp type and River type buffalo. The results from the early studies of blood protein and allozyme polymorphisms showed that there were low genetic differences among different populations of Chinese Swamp buffalos, but recent resuits from mtDNA and microsatellites indicated that there was abundant genetic variation and some genetic differentiation in Chinese Swamp buffalos. Archaeological discoveries and molecular genetic evidences in recent years support that Swamp type and River type buffalos are domesticated independently in the different places in the world and China was likely the earliest place of independent domestication event for Swamp type buffalos.