不同生理阶段乳腺乳汁淤积囊肿的声像图特点

Ultrasound characteristics of galactostasis at various physiological stages

目的:观察不同生理阶段乳腺乳汁淤积囊肿的超声声像图特点,提高乳汁淤积囊肿的超声诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析56例乳汁淤积囊肿患者的超声声像图资料,总结其声像图特征,比较乳腺不同生理阶段乳汁淤积囊肿的声像图表现。结果:哺乳期导管扩张较广泛,单纯乳汁潴留时扩大的导管内有浮动微细亮点,大片液性暗区有纤维间隔呈多房状;继发感染时脓腔可破溃,脓汁溢出。哺乳期后扩张乳管呈液性无回声或低回声,与滞留乳汁点、斑片状强回声形成混合性潴留囊肿。绝经后乳管变小,多年淤乳成干结或粉末,导管或实质内呈粗颗粒状或多条强回声带。结论:乳腺乳汁淤积声像图随乳腺生理阶段变化,与积乳时间、吸收、浓缩、干燥有关。

Objective： To observe the ultrasound characteristics of galactostasis at various physiological stages, so as to improve the diagnosis of galactostasis. Methods： The ultrasound data of 56 patients with galactostasis were retrospectively analyzed and the ultrasound characteristics were summarized. The ultrasonic manifestations of different physiological stages were compared. Results： During the lactation period, there were extensive mammary duct ectasias and floating weak signals were found in the mammary duct during pure galactostasis; large non-responsive fluid areas exhibited formations of honeycomb-like multilocular fibrous septa, and these cavities ruptured with abscess when secondary infection occurred. During the later lactation period, the dilated galactophores became hypoechoic or anechoic,which,together with the dot-like echoes of residual breast milk or macular strong echoes, formed mixed signals of retention cysts. After menopause, the galactophores atrophy occurred~ the accumulation of galactostasis desiccated into patches or powder, which caused thick hyperechoie dots or multiple hyperechoic streaks in the galactophores or parenchyma. Conclusion： Ultrasonic images of galactostasis vary with the physiological and pathological changes of the mammary glands, and are related to the duration of galactostasis, absorption, concentration and desiccation of lactation.