语法隐喻:新解与反思

Grammatical Metaphor:A Novel Interpretation and Reconsideration

语法隐喻是系统功能语法的重要组成部分,是从小句向语篇过渡的核心环节。本文对语法隐喻进行一个立体的"透视",给出一个有别于传统的阐释框架;从语法隐喻的形成机制、工作假设、表现特征以及语法隐喻与认知语言学中观念隐喻的关系四个方面展开论述。接着反思语法隐喻,讨论其存在的不足。本文认为主要表现为:1)没有固定的疆域界线;2)过分强调两类表达式的同一性,轻视它们之间在意义上的区别;3)对人际意义的描写不完整,存在遗漏;4)个别语法隐喻的设置不合理;5)对一个句子进行语法隐喻分析可能会过于复杂,不便操作。最后,讨论这些不足的原因:Halliday过分注重词汇语法在理论中的作用为这些不足提供了可能条件;轻视一致式与隐喻式两者在意义上的差别是导致不足的直接原因。

Grammatical metaphor, as an important part of the Systemic Functional Grammar, is a mediator between clause and text. The author interprets grammatical metaphor within a novel framework, which includes grammatical metaphor＇ s working mechanism, hypothesis, linguistic features and its relation to the conceptual metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Then, the weaknesses of grammatical metaphor are discussed. The root cause for these weaknesses is explored. As a grammarian, Halliday puts too much emphasis onto the lexicogrammatical level, which is a necessary condition for these defects. The difference in meaning, between the congruent and the metaphoric, is neglected, which is the immediate reason for the weaknesses.