詹姆逊认知测绘范式中的“历史”概念分析

An Analysis of "History" Concept in Jameson's Critical Theory

本文通过对詹姆逊理论中"历史"等关键概念理论背景的分析,重点分析"历史"这一概念在詹姆逊所坚持的认知测绘范式中的主要特征。詹姆逊没有在马克思主义的历史主义批评模式和结构主义"文本性"批评模式之间二者择一地选择自己的理论领域,而是努力在马克思主义批评理论的内部和外部之间寻找接榫的契机。由此,他以"多元结构"理论为基础建构"辩证的批评"。同时,他坚持卢卡奇的"总体性"方法,并将其"阿尔都塞化"。詹姆逊将经济生产和文化生产都置于一个总体化的系统内,从而形成了一种马克思式的审视历史的"绝对视野"。通过詹姆逊对历史阐释模式的勾勒,可以看到:历史是一个必须被中介化的对象;历史作为一种"生产方式"结构起了社会中各个"半自治"的层面,从而使得这些层面获得了只能靠(辩证的)理论思维否则便无法测知的不在场的主导结构。

On the basis of analyzing the theoretical background of “history”, an essential concept in Jameson＇ s theories, this article is designed to discuss the main features of “history” in the framework of cognitive mapping, which Jameson has adhered to in his theory construction. Instead of making an either-or choice between the two critical models of Marxist historicism and structuralist textuality, Jameson attempts to seek a juncture inside and outside Marxism, which can link the two models. Therefore, he formulates the dialectic criticism on the basis of multi-structure. At the same time, he insists on Lukac＇ s method of totality and reforms it in Althusser＇ s way. Jameson puts economic production and cultural production into a totalized system so that a kind of Marxism historical “absolute horizon” is formed. By analyzing Jameson＇ s historical interpretation model, the author comes to the conclusion that history is a mediation object and on the other hand, history, as a way of production, constructs every “semi-autonomy” level in society, thus these levels being enabled to possess an absent dominant structure, which can only be reached in the way of dialectic thinking.