“在批判旧世界中发现新世界”——论科学社会主义的一项基本原则

"To Discover the New World in Criticizing the Old"——On one of the Elementary Principles of Scientific Socialism

重新审视马克思、恩格斯创立的科学社会主义的基本原则,对于坚持中国特色社会主义道路和中国特色社会主义理论体系具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。科学社会主义的创立是在当时历史条件下对各种社会主义思潮特别是空想社会主义的批判和超越的过程中完成的。科学社会主义不再把共产主义作为"应当确立的状况"去构想"尽可能完善的社会体系",并以这一体系去衡量或裁剪现实,而是从现实的矛盾出发揭示现实发展的趋势及其条件,即在批判旧世界中发现新世界。在批判旧世界中发现新世界,这正是科学社会主义与各种社会主义思潮特别是空想社会主义在世界观和方法论上的最根本区别,是科学社会主义的一项最基本的原则。

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to reexamine the basic principles of scientific socialism created by Marx and Engels. The establishment of scientific socialism was completed in criticizing and transcending all kind of socialist thoughts, particularly utopian socialism, in the historical conditions at that time. Scientific socialism no longer considers communism as the situation to be established to build 'a society system as perfect as possible' so as to measure and tail the reality with this system, but rather, it discloses the tendency and conditions of the realistic development from the realistic contradictions, that is, to discover the new world by criticizing the old. This is essential difference of world views and methodologies between scientific socialism and all kind of socialism, particularly utopian socialism, and it is the most essential principle of scientific socialism.