贯穿20世纪中国翻译史的意识形态操控行为

The Manipulation of Ideology over China's Translation Practice throughout the 20th Century

传统翻译研究的侧重点在于原作与译作之间的文本对比,而遵循的判断标准往往是忠实和对等。当代翻译研究已突破传统观念的藩篱,把翻译放在一个宏观的跨文化语境中进行审视。翻译行为也不再被视为简单的语言转换,而是一种涉及诸多语言外因素的复杂的文化和政治行为。特别是在解构主义、后现代主义等出现以后,翻译行为已经开始从意识形态角度被审视。从历时的、宏观的角度将20世纪高潮迭起的中国翻译进行阶段性的总结,验证了翻译行为(包括翻译动机、翻译策略和翻译观)是受意识形态,包括主流意识形态和译者个人意识形态操纵的结论。译者有时也有目的地通过翻译行为向译入语文化输入源语文化的意识形态,抑或采取变通策略以顺应译语文化的主流意识形态。

Contemporary translation studies have broken away from the traditional ideas of fidelity and equivalence on the linguistic level and consider the practice of translation as a complicated cultural and political act,which is related to extra lingual struction, post - modernism etc. have come factors rather than simply an interlingual transfer. As deconinto being, the practice of translation is now studied and described from an ideological perspective. This paper provides a general survey and makes a macroscopic analysis of China＇s translation practice throughout the 20th century, thus proving the conclusion that the practice of translation, including the intentions, the strategies and the concepts involved, is manipulated by ideology（ either the mainstream ideology or the translator＇s individual ideology）. And the translator often introduces ideology of the source culture intentionally to the target culture, or makes necessary changes in translating to conform to ideology of the target culture.