炼丹术与宋代医用丹方

External Alchemy and Science of TCM Formula in Song Dynasty

"丹"最初指丹砂,炼丹术出现后一般指"还丹"。在早期,丹方不具备单独的医药功能,仅仅用作食之而仙的大药,无论是葛洪还是陶弘景均没有将丹方作医方使用。隋唐时期,金丹功能出现明显分化,其中一类逐渐与医学结合形成主要用于治病的丹方,部分见于今本《道藏》。然而唐代医家中仅孙思邈等少数人将丹方用于医学。北宋时,医方著作大量采用丹方。通过对两部代表性医方著作的考察,发现宋代医用丹方主要来源于炼丹术。宋代方剂学融摄炼丹术后,逐渐形成医学意义上的丹方。

During Hun Dynasty, the Taoism developed technologies of external （or laboratory） alchemy. Dan （elixir） in its early stage was only used by Taoist to become immortal. In the Tang Dynasty, some Taoists and a few physicians used Dan as medicine, much of which was recorded in the Dao zan （the Taoist Canon）. In the Song Dynasty, more and more medical works introduced Dan. From then on, Dan became an important traditional Chinese medicine.