贵州省退耕还林绩效与持续发展研究

Analysis on the Benefits of Grain for Green Project and Sustainable Development of Guizhou Province

2000-2006年贵州省共完成退耕还林工程造林面积124．8万hm^2，使全省7％以上的国土得到造林绿化。森林覆盖率由2000年的30．9％提高到2006年的39．93％，使贵州水土流失加剧的趋势得到有效控制，生物多样性得到提高。研究表明：退耕还林工程的实施不是影响区域耕地安全的主要因素，不会影响全省粮食生产。退耕还林工程的实施促进了农民增收，退耕农户收入结构得到初步调整，农村劳动力转移加快，退耕还林后续产业得到初步发展。退耕还林促进了农户生态环境保护意识的提高。同时，针对全省还有56．2％的陡坡耕地需要实施退耕还林以及退耕还林工程实施中的重大问题，提出了加强新造成林地抚育管理，确保退耕还林的基本目标实现；加强促进劳动力有效转移，进一步控制人口增长、有效化解人地关系矛盾突出的问题，进一步完善退耕还林补助政策，解决好退耕农户粮食问题；加强体制、机制创新，做好退耕还林“五个结合”等对策建议。

From the year 2000 to 2006, Guizhou Province had completed afforestation of 1. 248 million hectares in the Grain for Green Project, greening more than 7% of national territory area in the Guizhou Province. Forest covering rate has been raised from 30.9% in 2000 to 39.93% in 2006, actively controlled the tendency of soil erosion aggravation in Guizhou Province, and enhanced the characters of bio- diversity. The research indicates that the implementation of the Grain for Green Project is not the main factor to for the safety of regional farming, that wont affect the grain production of the Guizhou Province. The Project helped the farmer households affected by the Project promote the income; and initially adjust the income structure, speeding up the transfer of the rural labors. In addition, the follow - up industry of the Grain for Green Project has been initially developed, promoting the farmers＇ consciousness of ecological environment protection. At the same time, in view of 56.2% of steep slopes cultivated land need to be grained for green in Guizhou Province and the key issues in the Project implementation, the paper proposes the suggestions of strengthening the nurturing and management of newly planted artificial forest land, realizing basic goal of the Grain for Green Project; strengthening the effective promotion of transferring labor force for further control of the population growth and effectively melts the contradictory person- land relationship; further improving the subsidy policy of the Grain for Green Project, solving the farmers＇food problems; strengthening the system and the meehanism innovation so as to perfect the counterpart measures of Five - Combination for the Grain for Green Project..